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2010-09-13
prop-hu:author
Hunke S Priestley J Giles HA Veith I Ping C Gordon BL Booth M Powell MA Sneader W Terry CE and Pellens M Perrin, N Anslinger HJ and Tompkins WF Lu GD Lyman HM Needham J Ajram K Giles L Jackson CT Northen WJ Ludwig Christian Stern Ebbell B Thompson RC Hyodo M Ch'en S Davy H Stone RF Wheeler M and Ovassapian A Wang Z Sushruta
prop-hu:chapter
Doctor S. Hanaoka, the world's-first success in providing general anesthesia I: Instrumentarium Chapter 18: Fiberoptic endoscopy-aided technique Stone Age skull surgery. A general review with emphasis on the New World History of anaesthesia II: Development of the problem The Biography of Hua-t'o from the History of the Three Kingdoms Introduction 9 VI: Volkschirurgie in Japan in alter und neuerer Chapter 8: Systematic medicine The pattern of man's use of narcotic drugs The discovery of dreams Well-known medical scientists: Hua Tuo Acupuncture and major surgery
prop-hu:coauthors
Graves JT
prop-hu:date
20100219121400 2018 2020 20090312052919
prop-hu:edition
2 1
prop-hu:editor
Ping C Hyodo M, Oyama T and Swerdlow M Kaviraj Kunja Lal Bhishagratna Mair VH Stone RF McGovern PE, Fleming SJ, Katz SH Cranmer-Byng JL Ebers G
prop-hu:first
M JM WTG EJ MR H C TD
prop-hu:isbn
0 7 978 90
prop-hu:language
német
prop-hu:last
Jackson Wells Morton Fenster Gurlt Stewart Small Mackenzie
prop-hu:location
Philadelphia Copenhagen Berkeley, Los Angeles Beijing Hartford Calcutta Berlin New York Leipzig Chichester, England Atlanta, Georgia Bristol London Indianapolis Boston Amsterdam Vernon Hills, IL Stuttgart Utrecht, Netherlands
prop-hu:oclc
273508 14785083 1574261 14825070
prop-hu:page
15 1 6 54 55 89 83 86 276
prop-hu:pages
323 358 441 423 469 Appendix B iv 17 3 46 88 78 108 96 131 218 279 265
prop-hu:publisher
RoutledgeCurzon J.B. Mansfield Twayne Publishers Bureau of Social Hygiene University of Pennsylvania Press J. Johnson Science Press CE Hollenbeck VSP Biggs and Cottle Knowledge House Publishers Verlag von August Hirschwald Funk and Wagnalls John Wiley and Sons F.A. Davis Company Mosby-Elsevier Levin & Munksgaard Bernard Quaritch Simon & Schuster, Ltd. Columbia University Press David R. Godine A.B. Caldwell Bei S. Hirzel J. Gaylord Wells dbpedia-hu:HarperCollins Edgar S. Werner Luzac and Company William Wood and Company Kaviraj Kunja Lal Bhishagratna University of California Press Gordon and Breach Publishers Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt W.B. Saunders John Murray
prop-hu:title
A History of the Discovery of the Application of Nitrous Oxide Gas, Ether, and Other Vapors to Surgical Operations Allahs Sonne über dem Abendland: unser arabisches Erbe The Opium Problem Smithsonian Annual Report of the Board of Regents, 1957 Medicine throughout Antiquity A manual of peroral endoscopy and laryngeal surgery A Gallery of Chinese immortals: selected biographies, translated from Chinese sources by Lionel Giles A Manual of Etherization: Containing Directions for the Employment of Ether Experiments and Observations on Different Kinds of Air Men of Mark in Georgia: A Complete and Elaborate History of the State from Its Settlement to the Present Time, Chiefly Told in Biographies and Autobiographies of the Most Eminent Men of Each Period of Georgia's Progress and Development Opium: A History Ether Day: The Strange Tale of America's Greatest Medical Discovery and the Haunted Men Who Made It The case of Emperor Frederick III.: full official reports by the German physicians and by Sir Morell Mackenzie Sushruta Samhita, Volume1: Sutrasthanam Remarks on the Proper Mode of Administering Sulphuric Ether by Inhalation The shorter Columbia anthology of traditional Chinese literature Artificial anaesthesia and anaesthetics Celestial lancets: a history and rationale of acupuncture and moxa History and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine History Begins at Sumer: Thirty-Nine Firsts in Recorded History Miracle of Islamic Science The origins and ancient history of wine The Papyrus Ebers: The greatest Egyptian medical document Geschichte der Chirurgie und ihrer Ausübung The Assyrian herbal: a monograph on the Assyrian vegetable drugs Oliver Wendell Holmes Benumof's Airway Management: Principles and Practice Researches, chemical and philosophical–chiefly concerning nitrous oxide or dephlogisticated nitrous air, and its respiration A Chinese Biographical Dictionary Biography of Eminent American Physicians and Surgeons The Pain Clinic IV: proceedings of the fourth international symposium The Traffic in Narcotics Taoist teachings from the book of Lieh-Tzŭ, translated from the Chinese, with introduction and notes, by Lionel Giles Giving up the gun: Japan's reversion to the sword, 1543–1879 Huang Ti Nei Ching Su Wen: The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine Drug discovery: a history Papyrus Ebers
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Benumof
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11 1 2 Part III: Prose
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275
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Pien Chiao used general anesthesia for surgical procedures. It is recorded that he gave two men, named "Lu" and "Chao", a toxic drink which rendered them unconscious for three days, during which time he performed a gastrotomy upon them 5.049216E7 The science of medicine has gained a great and extremely important discovery and that is the use of general anaesthetics for surgical operations, and how unique, efficient, and merciful for those who tried it the Muslim anaesthetic was. It was quite different from the drinks the Indians, Romans and Greeks were forcing their patients to have for relief of pain. There had been some allegations to credit this discovery to an Italian or to an Alexandrian, but the truth is and history proves that, the art of using the anaesthetic sponge is a pure Muslim technique, which was not known before. The sponge used to be dipped and left in a mixture prepared from cannabis, opium, hyoscyamus and a plant called Zoan. Thompson reinforces his view with the following quotation from a cuneiform tablet: "Early in the morning old women, boys and girls collect the juice, scraping it off the notches with a small iron blade, and place it within a clay receptacle." In a letter to dentist William T. G. Morton, Holmes wrote: "Everybody wants to have a hand in a great discovery. All I will do is to give a hint or two as to names—or the name—to be applied to the state produced and the agent. The state should, I think, be called 'Anaesthesia.' This signifies insensibility—more particularly ... to objects of touch." If a disease seemed beyond the reach of needles and cautery, he operated, giving his patients a dose of hashish which rendered them unconscious.
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223920
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Huangdi Neijing
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Az általános érzéstelenítés vagy más néven az anesztézia története egyidős az emberiséggel, hiszen már az őskorban is használtak gyógynövényeket azért, hogy a megbetegedett ember érzéketlen legyen és könnyebben elviselje a fájdalmat. Az írott történelem során számos feljegyzés tanúskodik az általános érzéstelenítés állapotát előidézni kívánó kísérletekről, a sumerektől, babilóniaiaktól és asszíroktól kezdve az ókori Egyiptomon és görögökön, az Indus-völgyi civilizáción és az ősi Kínán át. Az európai középkorban, amely egybeesett az iszlám világ aranykorával, a tudósok nagy eredményeket értek el az iszlám tudomány és az orvostudomány területén, míg az európai tudósok részben az iszlám eredményekre, részben saját kutatásaikra alapozva szintén jelentős előrelépéseket tettek az orvoslásban. Az európai reneszánsz idején számottevő eredmények születtek az emberi anatómia és a műtéti technikák területén, amelyek ellenére az élő embereken végzett sebészeti beavatkozás – a műtét – még mindig kockázatosnak számított és csak a legvégső esetben folyamodtak hozzá. Ennek jórészt az volt az oka, hogy a műtéttel elkerülhetetlenül együtt járó fájdalom miatt a betegek inkább a halált vagy a gyógyítás más módját választották, mintsem hogy alávessék magukat a műtétnek. A tudományos körökben nagy vita zajlott arról, hogy ki érdemli meg az elismerést az általános érzéstelenítés felfedezéséért, viszont mára általános egyetértés alakult ki azon a téren, hogy a 18. század végén és a 19. század elején elért tudományos eredmények járultak hozzá a modern érzéstelenítési eljárások kifejlesztéséhez és fokozatos bevezetéséhez. A 19. század vége felé két jelentős ugrás történt az orvostudomány terén, amelyek együtt lehetővé tették a mai értelemben vett műtétek megjelenését. Az első a kórokozók szerepének felismerése volt a fertőzések terjesztésében, amely igen gyorsan vezetett a fertőtlenítési eljárások kifejlesztéséhez és bevezetéséhez (amelynek egyik úttörője a magyar Semmelweis Ignác volt, de az antiszeptikus eljárások jelentőségét és bevezetését csak Joseph Lister angol sebész meggyőző munkája nyomán fogadta el a korabeli orvostársadalom 1877-től kezdődően. A beteg szervezetében már jelenlévő kórokozók elleni harc (antiszepszis) helyét hamarosan felváltották azok a módszerek, amelyek a kórokozót a betegtől távol kívánták tartani (aszepszis), ami magával hozta a műtéti halandóság és halálozási arány jelentős csökkenését az ezt megelőző korokhoz viszonyítva. A fiziológia és a gyógyszerészet terén bekövetkező jelentős haladás pedig a fájdalomcsillapításban és az általános érzéstelenítés során használható szerek kifejlesztéséhez vezettek. A 20. század során az általános érzéstelenítés biztonságát és hatékonyságát nagymértékben javították a légcsőn keresztüli intubálás és más, a légutak szabad tartását biztosító technikák kifejlődése. Jelentős előrelépés történt a páciensek életjeleinek műtét alatti monitorozását lehetővé tévő berendezések terén, illetve az általános érzéstelenítés állapotát kiváltó újabb gyógyszereket fejlesztettek ki, a korábbiakhoz képest jóval kedvezőbb és farmakodinamikus jellemzőkkel. Nem utolsósorban speciális képzési programokat indultak az anesztéziát végrehajtó szakorvosok, az és az érzéstelenítés folyamatában segítő nővérek képzésére.
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