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Linus Pauling Isaac Asimov Lawrence M. Principe Brian David Ellis
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Fluorspar Fluorine Compounds, Organic Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy SIMS Experiment Caries Control for Populations The Development of Synthetic Glucocorticoids 1906 Past, Present and Future of the Chlor-Alkali Industry Inorganic Derivatives of the Elements Perfluorocarbon Fluids Fluoropolymers, Organic Use of Fluorine in Chemotherapy Nafion Perfluorosulphonate Membrane: Unique Properties and Various Applications Crystal Chemistry of Fluorides
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http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/fluorspar/fluormyb03.pdf|title=U.S. Geological Survey Minerals Yearbook
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1966 1960 1974 1975 1970 1983 1977 2019 1985 1996 1998 1999 1993 1994 1995 2004 2005 2006 2007 2000 2001 2002 2003 2012 2013 2008 2009 2010 2011 1912 1864
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84 11 15 2 6 3.0
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Lawrence M. C. Parameshwara D. S. L. Pradyot Shirley A. M. Michael W. D. P. H. J. Jayshree A. Margaret Kenneth A. Harold Jean-Louis D. Lou Henry R. N. F. S. M. Vibeke Linus Rosemary Ann Claude Roger Walter Conrad L. G. N. A. J. Badih V.A. Myriam Georgius Jean-Pierre Serdar Philip Neil Itsuo Errol G. Paul L. Ronald R. Peter C. Federico J. Duward Arnold Frederick John A. A. Raymond Robert B. Egon John R. J. Alain Loretta C. A. S. W. Jane R. H. Toshio E. Siobhan P. Prithvi David Walter John Kelly Dale L. Reinhard Eugene Tohru Kenneth Malcolm N. N. Donald B. A. K. Dietrich Charles J. Peer S. F. Nils Danièle L. N. David R. Brian F. Luca John W. Frank H. C. David A. R. G. Takekiyo Sheldon H. Isaac Aubrey Peter F. Julius A. G. Hiroyuki P. S. L.L. Herbert Clark
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978 3527306730 4 5 0 1
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orosz
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Lide Emeléus Clayton Matsuo Norwood Pauling Burt Salager Smart Mehdi Ali Kirsch Molochko Ichihara Chippendale Raghavan Schulze-Makuch Andreeva Green Walsh Emsley Jurs Brown Moore Mompean Siegemund Lagow Atkins Babel Murthy Viel Holliday Perrone Ito Mitchell Mackay Carlson Meyer Macomber Schmiegel Grot Simpson Irwin Woytek Bégué Lidin Chambers Fulton Ashok Feiring Jones Smith Earnshaw Sheiham Lewars Principe Fairhurst Wiberg Mackie Ramkumar Edwards Agricola Ellis Senning Hoover Patnaik Burney Preskorn Goldwhite Storer Katakuse Sakurai Shriver Greenwood Goldsby Asimov Sharpe Erdine Godfrey McAuliffe Chang Fohs Vogel Baelum Raj El-Kareh Tressaud Miller Slinn Dean Willey McKusick Rhoades Henderson Perry Bonnet-Delpon Stanitski Meusinger Holleman Parente Behr Schwertfeger Pritchard Illemassène Hounshell
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Cambridge Littleton Cheltenham London and Waltham Berlin Amsterdam Orlando Singapore Oxford and Waltham Sausalito Ann Arbor London Washington Caddo Norwell and Dordrecht Oxford San Diego Charlevoix Materials Park Belmont Weinheim New York Basel Delhi New Delhi Pennington Amsterdam and Oxford Hoboken Chichester Chicago Englewood Cliffs Boca Raton Tokyo Moscow Oxford and Amsterdam
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443 461 495 501 27 35 67 78 89 549 105 609 259
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Birkhäuser Springer The Electrochemical Society CRC Press Kluwer Academic Publishers ASM International UMI John Wiley & Sons Cambridge University Press Elsevier B. V. University of Chicago Press Butterworth Heinemann Blackwell Munksgaard Laboratory of Formulation, Interfaces, Rheology, and Processes, Universidad de los Andes Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration Plenum Press Blackie Academic & Professional Chelsea House Publishers Springer-Verlag Nelson Thornes Academic Press Professional Communications University Science Books Brooks/Cole World Scientific Publishing Kodansha American Chemical Society; Chemical Heritage Foundation W. H. Freeman U.S. Geological Survey Khimiya McGraw-Hill Discovery Publishing House Wiley-VCH New Age International Basic Books Elsevier Willey Optical ProQuest
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harv
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FIRP Booklet # 300-A
prop-hu:title
Chemistry The Secrets of Alchemy A Comprehensive Guide to the Hazardous Properties of Chemical Substances Scientific Essentialism Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy Studies of Nafion The Noble Gases Life in the Universe: Expectations and Constraints Химические свойства неорганических веществ Functional Materials: Preparation, Processing and Applications Surfactants: Types and Uses Dental Caries: The Disease and Its Clinical Management Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry of Fluorine Organofluorine Chemistry: Principles and Applications Glucocorticoids Concepts and Problems in Inorganic Chemistry Chemical Principles: The Quest for Insight The Reactions of Elemental Fluorine; A New Approach to Fluorine Chemistry Chemistry of the Elements Beryllium Chemistry and Processing University Chemistry Elsevier's Dictionary of Chemoetymology: The Whies and Whences of Chemical Nomenclature and Terminology Fluorinated Ionomers Chemical Thermodynamics of Zirconium Lange's Handbook of Chemistry Solutions Manual for Inorganic Chemistry Handbook of Chemistry and Physics Inorganic Chemistry Clinical Pharmacology of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Modern Fluoroorganic Chemistry: Synthesis, Reactivity, Applications Handbook of Isotopes in the Cosmos: Hydrogen to Gallium Kentucky Geological Survey, Bulletin No. 9: Fluorspar Deposits of Kentucky Molecular Structure and Statistical Thermodynamics: Selected Papers of Kenneth S. Pitzer Modeling Marvels: Computational Anticipation of Novel Molecules Concise Encyclopedia of the Structure of Materials Nature's Building Blocks: An A–Z Guide to the Elements Antidepressants Pain-Relieving Procedures: The Illustrated Guide Principles of Chemistry: The Molecular Science Fundamentals of Semiconductor Processing Technology The Nature of the Chemical Bond Chemistry of Hazardous Materials Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry Mesoscopic Materials and Clusters: Their Physical and Chemical Properties Chemistry of Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth Science and Corporate Strategy: DuPont R & D, 1902–1980 Inorganic Solid Fluorides: Chemistry And Physics Handbook of Inorganic Compounds Nobel Laureates in Chemistry, 1901–1992 Introduction to Modern Inorganic Chemistry Industrial Minerals & Rocks: Commodities, Markets, and Uses Organofluorine Chemistry: Principles and Commercial Applications De Re Metallica Chlor-Alkali and Chlorate Technology: R. B. MacMullin Memorial Symposium Modern Inorganic Chemistry: An Intermediate Text Advances in Inorganic Chemistry and Radiochemistry Practical Equipment, Materials, and Processes for Optical Thin Films First Outlines of a Dictionary of Solubilities of Chemical Substances Organic chemistry
prop-hu:transTitle
Chemical Properties of Inorganic Substances
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n20:%3Fid=IoFzgBSSCwEC&pg=PA70%7Cisbn=1-4020-6972-3%7Clocation=Dordrecht%7Cref=harv https://archive.org/details/naturesbuildingb0000emsl_b1k4|edition=2nd|location=Oxford|publisher=Oxford University Press https://archive.org/details/natureofchemical00paul|edition=3rd|location=Ithaca|publisher=Cornell University Press https://archive.org/details/chemistryofhazar00meye|publisher=Prentice Hall n7:modernfluoroorga0000kirs%7Clocation=Weinheim%7Cpublisher=Wiley-VCH%7Cisbn=978-3-527-30691-6%7Cref=harv https://archive.org/details/glucocorticoids0000unse|editor-first1=Nicolas J. https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=KPyLb5f-p4EC&pg=PP7|location=Cambridge|publisher=Sever and Francis https://archive.org/details/chemicalprincipl0004unse|edition=4th|location=New York https://archive.org/details/sciencecorporate0008houn|date=1988|publisher=Cambridge University Press --10-13 n53:S0010854508001355wtitle=The http://archive.org/details/bulletin01kentgoog|date=1907|publisher=Kentucky Geological Survey https://archive.org/details/dentalcariesdise00feje_414|editor-first1=Ole|editor-last1=Fejerskov|editor-first2=Edwina|editor-last2=Kidd|pages=505–526 https://archive.org/details/antidepressants0000mitc|location=New York http://archive.org/stream/georgiusagricola00agririch#page/n5/mode/2up|location=London|publisher=The Mining Magazine http://scholarship.rice.edu/bitstream/handle/1911/16744/9514194.PDF|type=PhD thesis, Rice University, TX http://rushim.ru/books/neorganika/Chambers.pdf|location=London|publisher=Butterworth & Co.
prop-hu:year
2003 2000
prop-hu:csoport
m
prop-hu:doi
10
prop-hu:editorFirst
A. K. F. James M. B. E. H. S. K K.-I. S. John W. Franz Stanley T. J. C. Rod J. Nikhil C. T R. E. S Jessica Elzea Nicholas C. Paul Kenneth S. K. James N.
prop-hu:editorLast
Trivedi Laylin Hine Yamamoto Ullmann Arai Banks Smart Tatlow Norman Mihama Tyagi Barker Furuya Sugano Banerjee Pitzer Ota Goulding Burney Flower Martin Krukowski Kogel Hagenmuller
prop-hu:megj
A hivatalos indoklás szerint Moissan „a fluor izolálásáért és a róla elnevezett elektromos kemence felfedezéséért” kapta meg a díjat. Basilius Valentinus feltehetőleg már a késő 15. században leírta a fluoritot, de mivel jegyzeteit csak 200 évvel később fedezték fel, e munka valóságtartalma kétséges. A ZrF4 olvadáspontja 932 °C, A HfF4 968 °C-on szublimál, az UF4 pedig 1036 °C-on olvad Davy, Gay-Lussac, Thénard, és az ír Thomas és George Knox is megsérült. A belga Paulin Louyet és a francia Jérôme Nicklès kémikus meghalt. Moissan szintén megtapasztalta a súlyos hidrogén-fluorid-mérgezést. Ez a tizenhárom fém a molibdén, a technécium, a ruténium, a ródium, a volfrám, a rénium, az ozmium, az iridium, a platina, a polónium, az urán, a neptúnium és a plutónium.
prop-hu:volume
1 15 16 24 27 I
prop-hu:type
PhD dissertation, University of Southern Mississippi, MS
prop-hu:editorLink
Kenneth Pitzer
prop-hu:author1Link
Peter Atkins Georgius Agricola
prop-hu:author2Link
Peter Atkins
prop-hu:section
Fluorspar
prop-hu:displayeditors
4
dbo:abstract
A fluor a periódusos rendszer kémiai elemeinek egyike. Vegyjele F, rendszáma 9. Régies magyar elnevezése folany. Standard nyomáson és hőmérsékleten halvány sárga színű, erősen mérgező, kétatomos molekulájú gáz. A fluor a hetedik főcsoport eleme, azaz a halogének közé tartozik, közülük a legkönnyebb. Vegyértékelektron-szerkezete 2s2 2p5. Az összes elem közül a legelektronegatívabb és legreaktívabb, szinte az összes többi elemmel, köztük néhány nemesgázzal is alkot vegyületeket. A fluor a 24. leggyakoribb elem az univerzumban és a 13. legnagyobb mennyiségben előforduló elem a földkéregben. A fluor elsődleges ásványi forrását, a fluoritot vagy folypátot először 1529-ben említik írásban: ércekhez adták, hogy csökkentsék azoknak az olvadáspontját. A fluor név a folypát latin elnevezéséből, a fluor lapisból ered (fluere = folyni). 1810-ben vetették fel a fluort, mint addig ismeretlen elemet, de tiszta fluor előállítása nagy reaktivitása miatt csak 1886-ban sikerült Henri Moissannak, alacsony hőmérsékletű elektrolízissel; ezt az eljárást mindmáig alkalmazzák. A fluorgázt legnagyobb mennyiségben urándúsításra hasznosítják, ipari szintű előállítása a második világháborúban, a Manhattan terv idején kezdődött. A tiszta fluor előállításának drágasága miatt inkább a vegyületeit alkalmazzák az iparban. A kibányászott fluoritnak körülbelül a felét az acélgyártás során alkalmazzák, a másik feléből pedig elsősorban hidrogén-fluoridot gyártanak, amely fontos előanyag különféle fluortartalmú szerves vegyületek, vagy az alumíniumgyártásnál kulcsszerepet betöltő kriolit előállításánál. A szerves fluoridok nagy kémiai és termikus stabilitással rendelkeznek, ezért hűtőközegként alkalmazzák őket. Különböző gyógyszerek, például az atorvasztatin vagy a fluoxetin is tartalmaznak fluort, emellett a fluoridoknak nagy szerepe van a fogszuvasodás kialakulásának megakadályozásában. A fluorkémiai termékek kereskedelme világszinten eléri az évi 15 milliárd dollárt. A perfluorozott szénhidrogének (fluorokarbonok) általában üvegházhatású gázok, globális felmelegedési potenciáljuk 100–20 000-szerese a szén-dioxidnak. A hajtógázként használt klór- és fluortartalmú CFC-gázok bizonyíthatóan károsítják az ózonréteget, és az ózonlyuk kialakulásának egyik fő felelősei. A szerves fluorvegyületek a szén–fluor kötés ereje miatt megtalálhatóak a környezetben. A fluornak nincs ismert szerepe az emlősök anyagcseréjében, de néhány növény szintetizál szerves fluortartalmú mérgeket, hogy így védekezzen a növényevők ellen.
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